The Second Luchot and the Thirteen Middot

The Thirteen Middot (or the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy) occupy a very prominent position in Jewish liturgy, constituting a central part of Slihot, as well as the Torah reading on Fast days. Wh was this chosen? What singular theme did the Sages find expressed specifically here?  I believe the solution lies in a deep appreciation of the Scriptural context of the Thirteen Middot.

We will examine this section in order to achiveve a more profound understanding that will hopefully lead to a more informed, inspired, and meaningful avodat Hashem whenever we recite Slihot.  We will also come to appreciate the added significance of Yom Kippur as the day that Israel received the Second Divine Tablets, the day that the covenant is renewed and completed, and the day that Israel first experiences the Thirteen Middot, as they achieve atonement before God - as they behold the Divine Presence.